Product Data Management (PDM) systems have become a critical component of modern manufacturing by enabling organizations to efficiently manage product-related information throughout the product lifecycle. This study investigates the key factors influencing PDM adoption in manufacturing industries using the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) framework. A quantitative research design was adopted, and data were collected through a structured questionnaire consisting of 37 items administered to professionals from 48 manufacturing organizations. A total of 189 valid responses were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 22.0. The study employed reliability analysis, KMO and Bartlett’s tests, factor analysis, multicollinearity analysis, correlation analysis, and other statistical techniques to validate the proposed model. The findings indicate that technological capabilities, organizational readiness, top management support, perceived value, functional coverage, and external environmental factors significantly influence the successful adoption of PDM systems and contribute to improved operational performance. The results further demonstrate that organizations implementing PDM systems experience enhanced collaboration, efficient product information management, improved productivity, better decision-making, and stronger competitive advantage. The study provides practical insights for manufacturing firms seeking to implement PDM solutions and contributes to the growing body of knowledge on enterprise digital transformation and product lifecycle management.